Some general new Einstein Walker manifolds

In this paper, Lie symmetry group method is applied to find the lie point symmetries group of a PDE system that is determined general form of four-dimensional Einstein Walker manifold. Also we will construct the optimal system of one-dimensional Lie subalgebras and investigate some of its group invariant solutions.Comment: 14 page

Identities by Generalized L−L-Summing Method

In this paper, we introduce 3-dimensional $L-$summing method, which is a rearrangement of the summation $\sum A_{abc}$ with $1\leq a,b,c\leq n$. Applying this method on some special arrays, we obtain some identities on the Riemann zeta function and digamma function. Also, we give a Maple program for this method to obtain identities with input various arrays and out put identities concerning some elementary functions and hypergeometric functions. Finally, we introduce a further generalization of $L-$summing method in higher dimension spaces.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

A BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACH TO BATTERY AGING IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION AND GRID INTEGRATION

Nowadays, batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) are facing a variety of tasks in their connection to the power grid in addition to the main task, driving. All of these tasks play a very significant role in the battery aging, but they are highly variable due to the change in the driver behavior, grid connection availability and weather conditions. The effect of these external factors in the battery degradation have been studied in literature by mostly deterministic and some stochastic approaches, but limited to specific cases. In this dissertation, first, a large-scale deterministic approach is implemented to evaluate the effect of variations in the EV battery daily tasks. To do so, a software tool named REV-Cycle is developed to simulate the EV powertrain and studied the effect of driving behavior, recharging facilities and timings, grid services and temperature/weather change effects, one by one. However, there are two main problems observed in the deterministic aging evaluation: First, the battery capacity fade factors such as temperature, cycling current, state of charge (SOC) … are dependent to the external variables such as location, vehicle owner’s behavior and availability of the grid connection. Therefore, it is not possible to accurately evaluate the battery degradation with a deterministic model, while its inputs are stochastic. Second, the battery aging factors’ dependency is hierarchical and it is not easy to follow and implement this hierarchy with deterministic models. Therefore, using a hierarchical probabilistic framework is proposed that can better represent the problem and realized that the Bayesian statistics with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can provide the problem solving structure needed for this purpose. A comprehensive hierarchical probabilistic model of the battery capacity fade is proposed using Hierarchical Bayesian Networks (HBN). The model considers all uncertainties of the process including vehicle acceleration and velocity, grid connection for charging and utility services, temperatures and all unseen intermediate variables such as battery power, auxiliary power, efficiencies, etc. and estimates the capacity fade as a probability distribution. Metropolis-Hastings MCMC algorithm is applied to generate the posterior distributions. This modeling approach shows promising result in different case studies and provides more informative evaluation of the battery capacity fade

One-parameter homothetic motion in the Minkowski 3-space

A one-parameter homothetic motion in three-dimensional Minkowski space is defined by means of the Hamilton operators. We study some properties of this motion and show that it has only one pole point at every instant t. We also obtain the Darboux vector of the homothetic motion in E³₁ and show that it can be written as multiplication of two split quaternions.Publisher's Versio

Automatic Brain Tissue Detection in Mri Images Using Seeded Region Growing

Abstract: This paper presents a neural network-based method for automatic classification of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of brain under three categories of normal, lesion benign, and malignant. The proposed technique consists of six subsequent stages; namely, preprocessing, seeded region growing segmentation, connected component labeling (CCL), feature extraction, feature Dimension Reduction, and classification. In the preprocessing stage, the enhancement and restoration techniques are used to provide a more appropriate image for the subsequent automated stages. In the second stage, the seeded region growing segmentation is used for partitioning the image into meaningful regions. In the third stage, once all groups have been determined, each pixel is labeled according to the component to which it is assigned to. In the fourth stage, we have obtained the feature related to MRI images using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the fifth stage, the dimension of obtained DWT features are reduced, using the principal component analysis (PCA), to obtain more essential features. In the classification stage, a supervised feed-forward back-propagation neural network technique is used to classify the subjects to normal or abnormal (benign, malignant). We have applied this method on 2D axial slices of 10 different patient data sets and show that the proposed technique gives good results for brain tissue detection and is more robust and effective compared with other recent works

Seeking Archetype of Water Storages of Qeshm Island

Throughout history, water as one of the most important natural factors played an important role in human life. In dry and waterless areas, people have always been in difficulty to provide and maintain and distribute water, and over centuries, different strategies have been applied to use water. In this article, water storage as one of the principle strategies to use water which has cultural and social indicators and dimensions was studied. Water storage as an urban structure remained from the past, is a valuable experience of Iranian art and belief values that can be used as a cultural and natural capital. Persian Gulf Islands, because of the lack of water has numerous water storages with different architecture plans and water storage can be called as a sign of this province beside wind towers. Wind towers is a phenomenon derived from confirmation of cultural and technical characteristics of humans with the natural features of the surrounding environment. With regard to drinking groundwater tables, Qeshm Island is one of the most disadvantaged areas of the country and people could already solve some of the problems related to annual lack of water by using their natural aptitudes in building water storage and well. The building technique and the architecture method of water storage structure benefits a specific delicacy because the manufacturers of these units pay precise and discerning attention to major issues such as the level of pressure on the bottom and surface of the water storage, the problem of coverings inside the building, air conditioner, refining and preventing water pollution. Thus, in this article by analyzing water storage of Qeshm Island and categorizing them and their typology from their plans and tanks, we tried to determine the typology of water storage of Qeshm Island. According to the analysis made, Qeshm Island water storages were categorized in to main classes including water storage with circular plan and domed covering, longitudinal with rectangular tank plan and with sternum-shaped and ceiling track covering

Seeking Archetype of Water Storages of Qeshm Island

Throughout history, water as one of the most important natural factors played an important role in human life. In dry and waterless areas, people have always been in difficulty to provide and maintain and distribute water, and over centuries, different strategies have been applied to use water. In this article, water storage as one of the principle strategies to use water which has cultural and social indicators and dimensions was studied. Water storage as an urban structure remained from the past, is a valuable experience of Iranian art and belief values that can be used as a cultural and natural capital. Persian Gulf Islands, because of the lack of water has numerous water storages with different architecture plans and water storage can be called as a sign of this province beside wind towers. Wind towers is a phenomenon derived from confirmation of cultural and technical characteristics of humans with the natural features of the surrounding environment. With regard to drinking groundwater tables, Qeshm Island is one of the most disadvantaged areas of the country and people could already solve some of the problems related to annual lack of water by using their natural aptitudes in building water storage and well. The building technique and the architecture method of water storage structure benefits a specific delicacy because the manufacturers of these units pay precise and discerning attention to major issues such as the level of pressure on the bottom and surface of the water storage, the problem of coverings inside the building, air conditioner, refining and preventing water pollution. Thus, in this article by analyzing water storage of Qeshm Island and categorizing them and their typology from their plans and tanks, we tried to determine the typology of water storage of Qeshm Island. According to the analysis made, Qeshm Island water storages were categorized in to main classes including water storage with circular plan and domed covering, longitudinal with rectangular tank plan and with sternum-shaped and ceiling track covering